Subsequently, we estimated COPD deaths attributable to ozone. First, we assessed ozone exposures initiated from indoor and outdoor sources by gender and age groups in 344 cities under four scenarios: 2019 as a baseline, and outdoor ozone at WHO AQG 2021 level in 2019, 2030, and 2050, respectively. We aimed to investigate the premature COPD deaths attributable to ozone in 2019, taking the WHO AQG 2021 level into account to determine the gap to bridge ozone control in China. The WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) recommendations in 2021 is a turning point that formally recognizes the crucial role of indoor air pollution. Ozone is a possible risk factor of COPD, with ozone concentrations increasing in China despite air pollution mitigation measures that reduced particulate matter.
Population growth and aging increase the urgency of ozone control.Ībstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an epidemic in China. Indoor ozone sources contribute less than 5% of COPD deaths. Three control scenarios to meet WHO AQG 2021 in different year were considered.ĩ8% of COPD deaths could be avoided by reducing ozone to WHO AQG 2021 level. COPD deaths attributable to indoor and outdoor ozone were estimated.
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